The causes of brain drain and its economic consequences on economic development in Egypt

This study is concerned with the research and analysis of the causes
of brain drain and its effects on the Egyptian economy, which witnessed
many political and economic disturbances. The study also analyzes the
quantitative relationship between the brain drain in Egypt and the
determinants of migratory motives, as well as the quantitative economic
effects resulting from them on the stock of human capital and its effect on the total productivity of the factors of production and the negative impact of
migration on it. The findings of the study can be divided into two parts :
First, the motives that lead to migrate are economic, social, political,
academic and cultural. In spite of the obvious direct and indirect effects of
migrations on the Egyptian labor market partly and the economy in general,
which is reflected in the positive relationship between the total number of
Egyptian migrants and the volume of remittances received, reduce
unemployment, transfer of technology through Egypt drains abroad and
stimulate investment in education. Second, this migration negatively affects
Egypt's economic development. Thus, the long-term effects of brain drain
are that the gains received by receiving countries are greater than the gains
that the exporting countries derive from the migration of their minds and
efficiencies, thus widening the income and production gap between rich and
poor countries which is unbridgeable . Finally, the study recommends
attention to the young migrants drains because they are the pillars of the
state in economic development and in implementation of the objectives of
the sustainable development plan Egypt 2030.