Russia's Geopolitical Axes Policy in the Middle East from 2000 to 2023 (Iran and Turkey as Models)

The research aims to showcase the essence of Russia's geopolitical axes policy in the Middle East in order to regain its geopolitical influence, it attempts as well to reveal the extent of its success and the challenges it faces by presenting the most prominent exemplars of such policy in the region, namely the Russian Iranian axis and the Russian Turkish one, and trying to look for the geopolitical motives behind Russia's choice of these axes, and its most crucial aspects of its pursuit in creating such axes and the challenges it encountered, Therefore, the researcher followed the inductive approach, using the geopolitical approach to interpret and analyse the phenomenon , in addition to demonstrate  the extent of impacts made by the two States geopolitical location and the surrounding global and regional geopolitical framework. The study concluded that Russia's success in consolidating its relations with the two forces and in advancing cooperation between them in several strategic areas does not mean that those relations are described as strategic alliances because of the challenges they face, moreover, Russia's geopolitical gains from its axes policy  have made it imperative for Russia to maintain and transform its region's geopolitical presence in to a permanent presence based on lasting strategic interests that entrench its restored prestige as a great power, and this mission became more difficult in the light of geopolitical confrontation between Russia and the Atlantic forces that broke out on Ukraine's territory