Obstacles to the effectiveness of outsourcing public hygiene and solid waste management services to others in the Giza and Alexandria governorates in the Arab Republic of Egypt (2008-2018)

Public cleaning services and solid waste management represent one of the public services that the state must strive to provide, either directly or indirectly, by entering into many forms of partnerships between governmental, private, and non-governmental sectors. The application of the concept of contracting out is a continuation of the responsibility of the public administration bodies for the submission without being restricted to their direct submission. This paper attempts to shed light on the most important obstacles that reduce the effectiveness of assigning public cleaning services and solid waste management in the Arab Republic of Egypt by focusing on the governorates of Giza and Alexandria.
The study concluded that contracting out public cleaning and solid waste management services to private sector companies is not necessarily the most appropriate form in the Egyptian case. Contracting out agreements represent one of the development mechanisms, but they are not sufficient by themselves to develop services in the prevailing economic and social regulatory environment. An integrated system needs to be developed to deal with general cleaning services and solid waste management. This system is based on developing partnerships between relevant public administration agencies, private sector organizations, non-governmental organizations, in addition to other international bodies concerned with preserving the environment.